Electrical Installation Inspection Malaysia: Suruhanjaya Tenaga Requirements 2026
Malaysian factories and commercial premises must register electrical installations with Suruhanjaya Tenaga and undergo periodic inspections. This guide covers legal requirements, competent person categories, inspection frequencies, and penalties under the Electricity Supply Act 1990 and Electricity Regulations 1994.
Disclaimer: This article provides general guidance based on the Electricity Supply Act 1990 and Electricity Regulations 1994 as of January 2025. Regulations may be amended. Always verify current requirements with Suruhanjaya Tenaga (Energy Commission) or qualified professionals before making compliance decisions.
Every factory, commercial building, and industrial facility in Malaysia with an electrical installation must register with Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST). Miss this requirement, and you risk fines, power disconnection, or worse: fire.
Electrical faults cause approximately 60% of fires in Malaysian buildings, according to the Fire and Rescue Department. Most originate from unsafe wiring, non-compliant modifications, and lack of periodic inspection.
This guide covers:
- Registration and licensing requirements for electrical installations
- Competent person categories and inspection frequency rules
- Periodic testing and maintenance requirements
- Common inspection failures and how to avoid them
- Penalties for non-compliance under Malaysian law
What Is Electrical Installation Inspection?
Electrical installation inspection verifies that your facility's electrical system meets safety standards set by Suruhanjaya Tenaga under the Electricity Supply Act 1990 and Electricity Regulations 1994. It covers everything from wiring and switchboards to protective devices and earthing systems.
There are two distinct inspection types:
| Inspection Type | Purpose | When Required |
|---|---|---|
| Registration inspection | Initial approval before power supply | New installations, major modifications |
| Periodic inspection | Ongoing compliance verification | Monthly visits plus 5-yearly testing |
The Energy Commission (Suruhanjaya Tenaga) regulates the electricity supply industry in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. Sarawak has separate regulations under the State Electrical Inspectorate.
Who Must Register Electrical Installations?
Under Section 21 of the Electricity Supply Act 1990, all electrical installations must be registered before receiving power supply. This applies to:
- Factories and manufacturing plants
- Commercial buildings and offices
- Warehouses and logistics facilities
- Shopping complexes
- High-rise residential buildings
- Industrial facilities
Domestic single-phase installations (residential homes) are generally exempt from registration, but still require supervision and completion certificates from licensed wiremen.
Installation Categories
| Category | Description | Typical Facilities |
|---|---|---|
| Private installation | Consumer premises receiving supply | Factories, offices, commercial buildings |
| Public installation | Licensee facilities supplying electricity | Power stations, substations, transmission lines |
Most factories and commercial premises fall under "private installation" requiring a Certificate of Registration valid for 1 to 5 years.
Legal Framework: Key Regulations
The regulatory framework comprises two main instruments:
Electricity Supply Act 1990 (Act 447)
This primary legislation establishes:
- Registration requirements for installations (Section 21)
- Competent person requirements (Section 23)
- Accident reporting obligations (Section 33)
- Offences and penalties (Sections 37-44A)
- Power of inspection and enforcement
Electricity Regulations 1994
The regulations provide detailed operational requirements:
| Regulation | Subject | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Reg 3-7 | Registration of installation | Form A application, Certificate of Registration |
| Reg 11-14 | Supervision and test | Approval before wiring, completion certificates |
| Reg 45-59 | Competent persons | Certificates of competency, eligibility |
| Reg 66-70 | Regular inspection | Visit frequency, reporting duties |
| Reg 110-113 | Maintenance | Periodic testing, maintenance procedures |
Competent Person Requirements
Only registered competent persons can supervise, inspect, and certify electrical installations. Suruhanjaya Tenaga issues Certificates of Competency across several categories.
Competent Person Categories
| Category | Scope | Typical Role |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical Services Engineer | All voltage levels | Design, supervision, inspection of major installations |
| Competent Electrical Engineer | All voltage levels | Supervision and inspection |
| Electrical Supervisor | Up to 33kV | Supervision of installations |
| Chargeman | Varies by class | Operation and control of live equipment |
| Wireman | Low voltage wiring | Installation and wiring work |
| Cable Jointer | Cable jointing | Underground cable connections |
Chargeman Classes
Chargemen are classified by voltage level and specific restrictions:
| Class | Voltage Level | Restrictions |
|---|---|---|
| A0 | Low voltage (≤1kV) | Basic low voltage systems |
| A1 | Low voltage (≤1kV) | Without power station |
| A4 | Low voltage (≤1kV) | With synchronising generators |
| B0 | High voltage (11kV) | Without power station |
| B1 | High voltage (11kV) | Without HV power station |
| B4 | High voltage (11kV) | With synchronising generators |
For a detailed guide on chargeman certification, see our chargeman license requirements guide.
Regular Inspection Requirements
Regulation 66 mandates that all private installations must be visited and inspected by a competent person. The frequency depends on installation type and capacity.
Inspection Frequency (Regulation 67)
| Installation Type | Voltage Level | Minimum Visit Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Industrial | High voltage (>1kV) | Monthly |
| Industrial | Low voltage (≤1kV) | Monthly |
| Commercial | High voltage (>1kV) | Monthly |
| Commercial | Low voltage (≤1kV) | Monthly to quarterly |
The Energy Commission may direct more frequent visits based on installation complexity, age, or safety concerns.
Competent Person Duties
During each inspection visit, the competent person must:
- Check the general condition of all electrical equipment
- Verify protective devices are functioning correctly
- Inspect earthing systems and connections
- Review logbooks and maintenance records
- Report any defects to the owner and Energy Commission (Regulation 68)
The owner must correct any defects within the timeframe specified and notify the Commission when complete (Regulation 70).
Periodic Testing Requirements
Beyond regular inspection visits, Regulation 110 requires comprehensive testing at specified intervals.
Maintenance Testing Schedule
| Test Type | Frequency | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Full installation test | Every 5 years | Verify overall system integrity |
| Protective relay testing | Every 2 years | Confirm protection coordination |
| Earth fault loop impedance | Every 5 years | Verify fault clearance capability |
| Insulation resistance | Every 5 years | Detect deterioration |
| RCD testing | Every 2 years | Confirm trip functionality |
All maintenance testing must be performed by competent persons authorized under Regulation 111, with adequate safety precautions (Regulation 112).
Test Documentation
Each test must produce documented results including:
- Date and time of testing
- Name and certificate number of competent person
- Equipment tested and test methods used
- Results compared against acceptable limits
- Any defects found and remedial actions required
Registration Process Step-by-Step
New Installation Registration
| Step | Action | Responsible Party |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Submit Form A application | Owner/developer |
| 2 | Pay registration fee | Owner |
| 3 | Receive inspection notice (Form D) | Energy Commission |
| 4 | Prepare installation for inspection | Owner + Electrical contractor |
| 5 | Attend inspection | Owner must be present |
| 6 | Receive Certificate of Registration (Form B) | Energy Commission issues |
The inspection must be conducted within 21 days of Form A receipt (Regulation 5).
Before Electricity Supply
No installation can receive power supply until:
- Supervision and Completion Certificate is submitted
- Test Certificate is submitted
- Certificate of Registration is issued
These certificates must be signed by the supervising wireman or competent person who verified the installation meets Malaysian Standards requirements.
Common Inspection Failures
Based on industry experience, these issues frequently cause inspection failures:
Wiring and Installation Defects
| Defect | Risk | Common Cause |
|---|---|---|
| Undersized cables | Overheating, fire | Cost-cutting, load increases |
| Poor connections | Arcing, fire | Untrained installers |
| Missing earth continuity | Electrocution | Incomplete installation |
| Non-compliant modifications | Multiple hazards | Unauthorized work |
| Overloaded circuits | Overheating | Additional equipment without upgrade |
Documentation Failures
| Issue | Impact | Prevention |
|---|---|---|
| Missing single-line diagrams | Inspection failure | Update after modifications |
| Incomplete logbooks | Non-compliance | Regular competent person entries |
| Expired test certificates | Registration renewal rejection | Schedule testing before expiry |
| Unregistered modifications | Illegal installation | Always notify ST before major changes |
Equipment Issues
| Problem | Finding Rate | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Damaged insulation | High | Regular visual inspection |
| Corroded terminals | High | Periodic thermographic survey |
| Failed RCDs | Medium | Biennial testing |
| Overdue protective relay calibration | Medium | Follow 2-year schedule |
Penalties for Non-Compliance
The Electricity Supply Act 1990 and Electricity Regulations 1994 impose significant penalties for violations.
Regulatory Offences (Regulation 122)
Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with the Regulations commits an offence. General non-compliance penalties include fines and potential imprisonment.
Specific Offence Penalties
| Offence | Section | Maximum Penalty |
|---|---|---|
| Operating unregistered installation | Section 21 | Fine + disconnection |
| Unauthorized wiring work | Section 37(13) | RM10,000 fine + 2 years imprisonment |
| Tampering with meter | Section 37(1) | RM1,000,000 fine + 10 years imprisonment |
| Dishonest consumption | Section 37(3) | RM5,000,000 fine + 10 years imprisonment |
| Damaging electrical equipment | Section 37(14) | RM50,000 fine + 2 years imprisonment |
Administrative Consequences
Beyond criminal penalties, non-compliance can trigger:
- Certificate of Registration cancellation (Regulation 7)
- Power supply disconnection (Section 38)
- Civil liability for electrical accidents
- Insurance claim rejections
- Business operation disruption
What Inspectors Check
During a registration or periodic inspection, Energy Commission inspectors typically examine:
Switchboard and Distribution
| Item | Verification |
|---|---|
| Main switchboard | Adequate rating, proper labelling, accessibility |
| Distribution boards | Circuit identification, spare capacity, condition |
| Protective devices | Correct ratings, coordination, accessibility |
| Bus bars | Adequate rating, proper connections, insulation |
Wiring Systems
| Item | Verification |
|---|---|
| Cable sizing | Matches load requirements and protection |
| Installation method | Compliant with MS IEC 60364 |
| Cable routes | Protected, accessible, properly supported |
| Terminations | Secure, correct method, no damage |
Earthing and Protection
| Item | Verification |
|---|---|
| Earth electrode | Adequate resistance, accessible |
| Protective conductors | Continuous, correct sizing |
| Bonding | All metalwork properly bonded |
| RCDs | Correct rating, functional testing |
Documentation
| Item | Verification |
|---|---|
| Single-line diagram | Current, accurate, available |
| Test certificates | Valid, comprehensive |
| Maintenance records | Complete, regular entries |
| Competent person logbook | Signed, observations recorded |
Preparation Checklist
Use this checklist before any scheduled inspection:
| Category | Item | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Documentation | Single-line diagram current and accurate | ☐ |
| Documentation | Test certificates valid and available | ☐ |
| Documentation | Maintenance logbook up to date | ☐ |
| Documentation | Previous inspection reports addressed | ☐ |
| Switchboard | All circuits labelled clearly | ☐ |
| Switchboard | Adequate working clearance maintained | ☐ |
| Switchboard | No unauthorized modifications | ☐ |
| Switchboard | Protective devices functional | ☐ |
| Installation | No visible damage to cables or equipment | ☐ |
| Installation | Earth connections secure | ☐ |
| Installation | RCDs tested (push button) | ☐ |
| Installation | No temporary wiring in use | ☐ |
| Safety | PPE available for inspector | ☐ |
| Safety | Competent person available during inspection | ☐ |
Connection to Insurance
Electrical installation compliance directly affects insurance coverage. Insurers routinely exclude claims arising from:
- Unregistered electrical installations
- Non-compliant wiring modifications
- Failure to maintain required inspection schedules
- Using unqualified personnel for electrical work
A fire caused by electrical faults in a non-compliant installation may void your Industrial All Risks or Fire Insurance policy. Proper documentation of inspections and certifications provides evidence of due diligence.
FAQ
How often must electrical installations be inspected in Malaysia?
Regular inspection visits are required monthly for most industrial and commercial installations under Regulation 67. Full installation testing must occur every 5 years, with protective relay testing every 2 years under Regulation 110.
Who can perform electrical installation inspections?
Only competent persons holding valid Certificates of Competency from Suruhanjaya Tenaga. This includes Electrical Services Engineers, Competent Electrical Engineers, Electrical Supervisors, and Chargemen appropriate to the voltage level.
What is the validity period for a Certificate of Registration?
Certificates of Registration are valid for a period of not less than one year and not more than five years from the date of issue under Regulation 3(3). Owners must apply for renewal before expiry.
Can I operate my factory while waiting for registration?
No. Section 21(2) of the Electricity Supply Act 1990 prohibits operating an installation without a valid Certificate of Registration. Doing so is an offence that may result in fines and power disconnection.
What happens if my installation fails inspection?
The Energy Commission issues a follow-up inspection notice (Form E). You must rectify all defects and request re-inspection. Repeated failures may result in registration cancellation or power disconnection.
Are residential houses exempt from registration?
Domestic single-phase installations for private dwellings are generally exempt from registration requirements. But they still require supervision by licensed wiremen and must comply with wiring standards.
What is the difference between a Chargeman and Wireman?
A Wireman performs installation and wiring work at low voltage levels. A Chargeman operates and controls electrical equipment, including switching live equipment. Different certification requirements apply to each.
How much does electrical installation inspection cost?
Fees are prescribed in the Second Schedule of the Electricity Regulations 1994 and vary by installation capacity (kW). Contact your Energy Commission regional office for current fee schedules.
What documents must I keep for compliance?
Maintain current single-line diagrams, valid test certificates, competent person inspection logbooks, and maintenance records. These must be available for inspection at all times.
Can I do my own electrical modifications?
No. All wiring and modifications must be performed by registered Electrical Contractors with licensed Wiremen. Unauthorized modifications void your registration and may cause inspection failures.
Foundation Conclusion
Electrical installation compliance isn't paperwork for its own sake. It's the foundation of safe facility operations. With electrical faults causing the majority of industrial fires in Malaysia, proper inspection and maintenance directly protects your people, property, and business continuity.
Yet compliance alone doesn't transfer the financial risk of equipment failure or electrical incidents. Machinery Breakdown insurance and Industrial All Risks coverage can protect against losses that proper maintenance won't prevent.
Talk to our risk specialists about protecting your electrical infrastructure and operations.
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